Module 9 · Lesson 2
Understanding the Home Inspection
Explains what a home inspection covers, how it is conducted, and what buyers can expect from the report.
6 min read
What you'll learn
- What a home inspection covers
- Who performs the inspection
- How long an inspection typically takes
- What buyers receive after the inspection
A home inspection is a professional, visual evaluation of a home's condition, covering major systems and structural elements to help the buyer understand what they are purchasing before finalizing the sale.
What Inspectors Look At
A typical inspection covers the roof, foundation, structural framing, electrical system, plumbing, heating and cooling systems, attic and insulation, windows and doors, and visible signs of water damage or safety hazards. Inspectors generally do not open up walls or perform invasive testing; they conduct a visual review of accessible areas and test the operation of major systems where possible.
Who Performs It
Inspections are typically conducted by an independent, licensed or certified home inspector hired directly by the buyer, separate from the buyer's or seller's agents. Requirements for inspector licensing vary by state, so it helps to check credentials and reviews when choosing one.
What Happens During the Visit
An inspection for an average-sized home often takes a few hours, though this varies with the home's size, age, and condition. Buyers are usually encouraged to attend, since walking through the home with the inspector allows them to ask questions and see issues firsthand rather than relying solely on the written report.
The Inspection Report
After the visit, the inspector provides a written report describing what they observed, often organized by system or area of the home, and may include photos. The report is descriptive rather than a simple pass or fail; it is up to the buyer, often with guidance from their agent, to decide which findings matter most and how to respond.
| Typical report sections | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Structural and foundation | Cracks, settling, structural concerns |
| Roof and exterior | Age, wear, visible damage |
| Electrical and plumbing | Functionality, code concerns, wear |
| HVAC systems | Age, operating condition |
| Safety items | Smoke detectors, handrails, other hazards |
What Inspections Do Not Include
Standard inspections generally do not test for pests, mold, radon, or the condition of a septic system or well; these typically require separate, specialized inspections that a buyer can arrange separately if desired or advised.
The home inspection gives buyers an independent, professional look at the property's condition, providing the information needed to negotiate repairs, request credits, or simply move forward with a clear understanding of what they are buying.
Key takeaways
- A home inspection is a visual, non-invasive review of a home's major systems and structure.
- Inspections are typically performed by a licensed or certified independent inspector.
- The buyer usually pays for and arranges the inspection within the contingency period.
- The inspector provides a written report describing findings, not a pass or fail grade.
Create a free account to track completed lessons and resume where you left off.
Create a free account to keep private notes on this lesson.
Related lessons
Inspection, Appraisal & Underwriting
What Happens After Your Offer Is Accepted?
Introduces the due-diligence period that begins after offer acceptance, focusing on inspection, appraisal, and underwriting ahead.
Inspection, Appraisal & Underwriting
Major Home Inspection Red Flags
Highlights significant inspection findings that buyers should pay close attention to when reviewing a report.
Inspection, Appraisal & Underwriting
Negotiating Repairs
Explains how buyers and sellers negotiate repairs or credits after inspection findings, and common approaches used.
Educational content only — not financial, legal, or tax advice. Verify details with a licensed professional for your situation.